The Effect of World War and other World Events on the Development of Sport Essay Example for Free

The Effect of World War and other World Events on the Development of Sport Essay World War 2 effected the development of sport more dramatically than any previous world event/war, simply because it was a totally different war, civilians were in danger as well as the soldiers, due to the new style of fighting. WW2 was a much more mobile war then any other war as it was the first time when bombing was really introduced on a large scale; meaning that even if you were a civilian hundreds of miles away from the brunt of the fighting you could still be attacked from the air. This meant that you could never play sport out in the open in complete safety as bombing raids could come at any time; civilians had other more pressing matters no their mind other than playing and developing sport. Also PE in schools was set back considerably due to many PE teachers being enlisted into the army and many were used to train military personnel. Any PE that was taught in school was mainly based around individual initiative and survival rather than the concepts on sport. PE taught during the Second World War is very different to the conventional PE that we know now, although it had educative intentions, the practical side of it was predominantly physical training, rather than learning how to play particular sports. Four things mainly effected the changes that occurred in the inter-war syllabuses. The first influence being F.J.C Marshal and E. Major who published several books, they wanted to increase the importance of skill learning and the use of apparatus (possibly to make practical PE lessons more like the army style of training, i.e. assault courses etc). The next influence was the publication of female physical educationists. Veronica Tyndale-Biscoe (1945) described modern dance as using the body as a medium of expression. Similarly a gymnast Ruth Clark (1946) suggested that working on apparatus at his own value has particular value to the timid child, who gains courage through the discovery for himself of his own capabilities. So they also believed that apparatus should be used, but in such a way that children would learn about their sporting strengths and weaknesses themselves. The third influence was C.E. Cooke who extended F.J.C. Marshall and E. Majors views, by actually bringing new army apparatus into schools after seeing them in use by commandos in the Northern Command Physical Training School; she believed the children would enjoy the skill and adventure provided by the apparatus. Even though she thought the children would enjoy the skill it was still mainly aimed at physical training rather than the skills of playing sport. The last main influence of the inter-war syllabus was a woman named Miss Dudgeon, who was working at a children rehabilitation clinic. PE had always been aimed at making children react to a set task. But she believed in setting open tasks where children could respond in their own time. So sport at a PE level was affected significantly by the Second World War, but sports them selves were affected by the war as well. There was a 12-year gap between the 1938 World Cup in France and the 1950 World Cup in Brazil. The Olympics also had to be cancelled due to the Second World War as in July of 1939, just one year before the Games were to be held, The IOC awarded the Games to Helsinki, Finland. Helsinkis organizing committee prepared for the Games, but when Finland was attacked by the Soviet Union in November, they had to withdraw. The IOC (International Olympic Committee), realizing the futility of trying to find a venue for the Olympics during what would come to be known as World War II, abandoned the idea of holding the Summer Games in 1940. The 1936 Olympics were also affected by the up and coming war as the games were manipulated by the Nazi government to promote the countries political ideals. Many Germans were imprisoned so they couldnt disrupt the games. Only Germans of Hitlers so call Aryan race were allowed to compete for Germany. This had a huge affect on the game as other Germans were banned from taking part. Not only did the war effect sporting competitions that were going to happen, but also many sports players were enlisted into the army and died in battle, and therefore crippling many sports of their star players and teams. Other events have also affected sport in quite a large way; the most recent being the terrorist acts that happened on September 11th 2001. As a result of this the 2001 Ryder Cup, which was due to be played at The Belfry in England was called off, and rescheduled with the same teams and players for September 2002, again at The Belfry. All Champions League and UEFA Cup games were postponed and the Davis Cup tie between USA and India was played 12-14 October instead of its original date. The tragedy of September 11th had a big affect on sport and the athletes competing just as all other past world events have. Foot and mouth was a disease which hit England quite badly in terms of sport, as not only did it postpone professional sports but even more so amateur sports, for example most Sunday football leagues were basically stopped because of the disease spreading so rapidly. The team I played for at the time had half of their season cancelled due to our home ground being next to a farm. Also all inter school competitions were cancelled due o the outbreak. Foot and mouth effected professional bowls when the British Isles International indoor series was postponed, and the World Indoor Championships were also postponed by foot and mouth. Nearly all sport fixtures in Ireland were postponed due to the outbreak of foot and mouth, in particular games during the 6 nations cup had to be postponed, for example international matches between England and Ireland were rescheduled. There have been many events which have hindered the development of sport but it seems the societies want to play them and to play them in competition has kept sport alive, in such a way that governing bodies have been formed to increase the level at which we play. Even games like darts and snooker which might be consider as pub games have become into professions for some people. References B Davis, R Bull, J Roscoe, D Roscoe 199 Pyhsical Education and Mosby the Study of Sport Forth Edition http://www.olympic.org/uk/index_uk.asp http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1207132.stm http://www.jenk1ns7.freeserve.co.uk/6nationsquotes.htm

Free College Essays - Anger in the Work of D. H. Lawrence :: Biography Biographies Essays

Anger in the Work of D. H. Lawrence D. H. Lawrence was probably a very angry man. His writings are full of extremely intense feelings of anger and hate which do not seem to belong. This anger is usually connected to love, but can be classified by what other emotions it is also linked to. For example, in "Second Best," there is no real reason for Anne to feel great fury, yet she does towards the mole. Anne somehow equates the mole with a barrier to her success in love, so she hates it. In "The Shadow in the Rose Garden," the intense anger is connected to jealousy. The husband is extremely jealous of his wife's prior involvement with Archie. In "The White Stocking," the anger is also associated with jealousy. Ted does not like the fact that Elsie has been accepting gifts from Sam Adams. The sisters in "The Christening" have intense resentment towards their youngest sister Emma, who ruined the family reputation. This translates into anger directed at her and the world in general. Lastly, the title character and the Orderl y in "The Prussian Officer" have a love-hate relationship, except one hates, the other loves. The Orderly, as recipient of unwanted love, feels great resentment and anger towards the Officer, so much so that he kills him. Lawrence uses anger as an all-purpose front for and manifestation of deeper negative feelings. For this reason, the anger often seems unnecessary and out of place. Its common occurrence, however, allows us to treat it as a motif. In all of the stories above listed, there are characters involved in intensive love relationships. In "Second Best," "Shadow" and "Stocking," there are either married couples, or soon to be. "The Christening" has a family, and "The Prussian Officer" involves a gay officer. There is something dysfunctional about all of these relationships, however, and the anger exposes it. There is no reason for anger if there is not something wrong, so we know that there is underlying unrest in, Ted and Elsie's marriage, for example. The anger is supposed to hint at trouble, then it is up to the reader to discern from clues in the rest of the text the particular irregularity in the story. In "Shadow" and "Stocking" the anger is among husbands and wives. The two stories are basically equivalent in message and structure: wife has hidden secret from husband, husband finds out, responds with jealous rage. Free College Essays - Anger in the Work of D. H. Lawrence :: Biography Biographies Essays Anger in the Work of D. H. Lawrence D. H. Lawrence was probably a very angry man. His writings are full of extremely intense feelings of anger and hate which do not seem to belong. This anger is usually connected to love, but can be classified by what other emotions it is also linked to. For example, in "Second Best," there is no real reason for Anne to feel great fury, yet she does towards the mole. Anne somehow equates the mole with a barrier to her success in love, so she hates it. In "The Shadow in the Rose Garden," the intense anger is connected to jealousy. The husband is extremely jealous of his wife's prior involvement with Archie. In "The White Stocking," the anger is also associated with jealousy. Ted does not like the fact that Elsie has been accepting gifts from Sam Adams. The sisters in "The Christening" have intense resentment towards their youngest sister Emma, who ruined the family reputation. This translates into anger directed at her and the world in general. Lastly, the title character and the Orderl y in "The Prussian Officer" have a love-hate relationship, except one hates, the other loves. The Orderly, as recipient of unwanted love, feels great resentment and anger towards the Officer, so much so that he kills him. Lawrence uses anger as an all-purpose front for and manifestation of deeper negative feelings. For this reason, the anger often seems unnecessary and out of place. Its common occurrence, however, allows us to treat it as a motif. In all of the stories above listed, there are characters involved in intensive love relationships. In "Second Best," "Shadow" and "Stocking," there are either married couples, or soon to be. "The Christening" has a family, and "The Prussian Officer" involves a gay officer. There is something dysfunctional about all of these relationships, however, and the anger exposes it. There is no reason for anger if there is not something wrong, so we know that there is underlying unrest in, Ted and Elsie's marriage, for example. The anger is supposed to hint at trouble, then it is up to the reader to discern from clues in the rest of the text the particular irregularity in the story. In "Shadow" and "Stocking" the anger is among husbands and wives. The two stories are basically equivalent in message and structure: wife has hidden secret from husband, husband finds out, responds with jealous rage.

Could broadband be the benchmark for globalization’s progress and adoption?

Though there have been considerable advances in the field of internet technology, not all problems are addressed to reach globalization’s progress and adoption. This is in contrast to the steady and rapid advances in semiconductor technology, information storage, networking, and applications, the interaction of IT with various elements of society is more complex. Although IT performance in many cases improves exponentially, the utility to users in many cases improves more slowly (Chandra et al. 2000).For example, a doubling of computer processing speeds may bring only small improvements in the most widely used applications, such as word processing or spreadsheets. Furthermore, although it is common to talk about the â€Å"impact† or â€Å"effect† of IT or the Internet—implying a one-way influence—the interaction of IT with society is multidirectional and multidimensional. Over the past two decades, many studies have explored how organizations use IT . Cumulatively, these studies have found that a simple model of IT leading to social and organizational effects does not hold (Kling 2000).Instead, IT is developed and used in a social context in which organizations and individuals shape the technology and the way it is used. The implementation of IT is an ongoing social process that involves changes in people's roles and in organizational procedures. Incentives and trust are important factors in the success of IT implementation. And broadband proliferation is an important ingredient of globalization. The public debate in this country on the War in Iraq has been the most hotly contested issue in recent history and shows no sign of letting up.Through all the policy proposals, failures and triumphs many positive viewpoints have emerged about how to address the most distressing issues related to United State's new found global role: exporter of security. Dr. Barnett believes this is positive trend overall: â€Å"That is why the public debate about this war has been so important: It forces Americans to come to terms with what I believe is the new security paradigm that shapes this age, namely, Disconnectedness defines danger. † I think that last statement is an apt template for understanding the daunting task facing the broadband era: the age of transactional transformation.It is in the disconnectedness that defines the danger for our productiveness and growth, and hence our economy as a whole. The disconnectedness from novel approaches, the disconnectedness from relevant value models, disconnectedness from persistent progression to universal broadband access. Perhaps there is a need to view broadband technology adoption as a historical process in the same vain as globalization. Unfortunately, for many, this leads to a nasty polemic on it's relative merits. Barnett has this to say on this issue: The problem with most discussion of globalization is that too many experts treat it as a binaryoutcome: Either it is great and sweeping the planet, or it is horrid and failing humanity everywhere. Neither view really works, because globalization as a historical process is simply too big and too complex for such summary judgments. Instead, this new world must be defined by where globalization has truly taken root and where it has not. Barnett goes on to say: Show me where globalization is thick with network connectivity, financial transactions, liberal media flows, and collective security, and I will show you regions featuring stable governments, rising standards of living, and more deaths by suicide than murder.These parts of the world I call the Functioning Core, or Core. But show me where globalization is thinning or just plain absent, and I will show you regions plagued by politically repressive regimes, widespread poverty and disease, routine mass murder, and most important the chronic conflicts that incubate the next generation of global terrorists. These parts of the world I call the Non -Integrating Gap, or Gap. Could broadband be the benchmark for globalization's progress and adoption? It can be, I believe the more the connectedness to the Functioning Core the greater the value rendered.Broadband access providers whether wireline or wireless will have to holistically reconsider the ramifications of globalization in this context. They can do much to advance it positively or hinder it destructively. The lessons for content providers may seem less obvious but in a globalize economy the more connectedness the richer the value doesn't always resolve neatly. Microsoft, Google, Cisco, Apple, Oracle, Yahoo, eBay and IBM to name a few, have all handle this transition quite nicely. And if supporting and expanding the core is what the new economy is all about then I can think of no better marker for globalization than broadband.This proposed study will try to find out if indeed broadband can be the benchmark for globalization’s progress and at the same time, will it b alance with societal impacts? Will the globalization’s progress and adoption will take into consideration the affect on the people as whole? REFERENCES CHANDRA, B. , DAHLIN, M. , GAO, L. , AND NAYATE, A. 2001. End-to-end WAN Service Availability. In Proc. 3rd USITS (San Francisco, CA, 2001), pp. 97–108. Kling, R. (2000). Learning about information technologies and social change: The contribution ofsocial informatics. The Information Society, 16(3), 217-232. Sawyer, S. and Rosenbaum, H. (2000). Social informatics in the information sciences: Current activities and emerging directions. [Electronic Version] Informing Science. 3 (2), 89-95 available Suchman, L. (1994). Supporting articulation work: Aspects of a feminist practice of office technology production. In R. Kling (Ed. ), Computerization and Controversy (pp. 407-423). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Williams, R. , & Edge, D. (1996). The social shaping of technology. Research Policy, 2

Problem Solution Essay - 1623 Words

a Yasmin Leal Air Pollution Introduction- (Attention Getter) When people think about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, and other forms of outdoor air pollutants. But did you know that air pollution can exist inside homes and buildings? In the article â€Å"Air Pollution Fatalities Now Exceed Traffic Fatalities by 3 to 1†, Bernie Roberts (2002) says that 70,000 people die each year from the effects of air pollution. This outrageous number of people dying is because of human activities that release substances into the air that cause health problems. (Credibility Relevancy) Nobody wants to die because of polluted air, and this wish is shared by most†¦show more content†¦We will not have to worry about going outside and inhaling toxic fumes that are out of our control. 2. Detailed Explanation #2: A law preventing or limiting the emission of poisonous fossil fuel will improve the air outside, and if the outside air is less or not polluted, the air inside our homes will also be healthier, with or without our use of natural or â€Å"green† products. a. Life/liberty: With this option you would have a choice as to whether or not you want or can afford to purchase and use â€Å"green† products. b. Logos: If we write to our local representatives and show support of such a law, we can ensure a healthier future for everyone. 3. Detailed Explanation #3: The decrease or elimination of fossil fuels through law does not require every single household to complete a long list of recycling requirements. a. Environment/Safety: By creating and enforcing a law to decrease and prevent air pollution, the physical damage that people cause the Earth and the illnesses and eventual death these activities cause mankind can stop. b. Logos: The reduction of fossil fuel emissions over one year by a law such as this is 15 times more helpful to the environment than recycling alone. Conclusion: (Summary/Review) Air pollution has many negative effects on people, the Earth, plants, and other living organisms. In addition to being ugly, it can cause illness and eventually death. Clean air is important because we cannot live without it!Show MoreRelatedProblem Solution Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesNGARUIYA4 Mary Ngaruiya John Zamparelli English comp Problem solution essay Final Draft. GANG VIOLENCE IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS There are approximately 27,900 gangs, with 774,000 members, impacting towns, cities, and communities across the United States. According to a recent bulletin released by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 23 percent of students aged 12 through 18 years reported presence of street gangs in their schools. 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